Correlation between saliva glucose and blood glucose levels by ion chromatography / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To analyze the correlation between saliva glucose and blood glucose level by measuring the concentration of saliva with high-precision ion chromatograph, and further to provide the clinical data for saliva glucose as an auxiliary index of blood glucose monitoring.Methods:A total of 268 subjects with normal glucose metabolism (NGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) were enrolled and fasting venous blood and saliva samples were collected at the same time. The levels of saliva glucose, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured by ion chromatograph, automatic biochemical analyzer and glycosylated hemoglobin analyzer, respectively. Methods of Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between groups, and the Spearman correlation was used for correlation analysis. Results:The mean values of blood glucose, saliva glucose and HbA1c in the DM group are all higher than those in the NGT group, and the differences are all statistically significant ( P<0.05). Saliva glucose cut-off points are set at 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/L, respectively. When the saliva glucose concentration is greater than or equal to the above cut-off points, the saliva glucose level are positively correlated with the blood glucose level ( r=0.321, 0.379, 0.509 and 0.428, respectively, P<0.05) . Conclusion:The level of saliva glucose in DM is significantly higher than that in NGT. When the concentration of saliva glucose is greater than 20 mg/ L, there is a significant positive correlation between saliva glucose and blood glucose, and the max correlation coefficient r is 0.509.

Establishment, evaluation, and determination of saliva glucose concentration by ion chromatography / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To establish an analytical method for measuring the concentration of glucose in saliva by ion chromatography.Methods:The proteins in saliva were removed by thermal denaturation method, CarboPac PA20 (3×30 mm) was used as a protective column and CarboPac PA20 (3×150 mm) was used as an analytical column for ion chromatography analysis. Gradient elution was carried out with A: ultra-pure water, B: 250 mmol/L NaOH solution and C: 500 mmol/L NaAc solution. Pulsed ampere detector was used for detection.Results:This method had a good linear relationship in the range of 0.04 to 0.12 mg/L, with a linear relation coefficient of 0.9967. The detection limit of glucose was 2 μg/L, the mean value of the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the repeatability measurement was 0.75%, and the average spike recovery was 103.07%.Conclusion:This method is simple, sensitive, accurate and stable, and can be used for the determination of glucose concentration in saliva.

Advances in the study of aptamer-based drug for targeting therapy / 药学学报

Aptamers are randomly selected from single-stranded oligonucleotide libraries by systematic evolution of ligands technology exponential enrichment (SELEX). They bind to various targets like metal ions, nucleic acids, proteins, small organic compounds, and even entire organisms. Candidate aptamers are predicted to be highly effective in producing targeting effects for certain diseases like cancer, macular degeneration, acute coronary syndrome, von Willebrand factor related disorder disease and so on. Aptamers may also serve as drug-carriers helping drugs to be released in specific regions and tissues. Compared with other types of targeting ligands, aptamers have an array of unique advantageous features, which make them promising to develop aptamer-drug conjugates (ApDCs) for targeted-oriented therapy. Deep investigation into ApDCs discovery and development may promote the process of biological and biomedical analysis. In this review, we summarize the advances of drug discovery and drug delivery using aptamers in basic and clinical trials in recent years, and meanwhile analyze its advantages and challenges in biomedical studies.

The study of phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 in the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into more mature insulin-producing cells / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 on the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (HESC) into more mature insulin-producing cells. Methods HESCs were induced to differentiate into insulin-producing cells through five stages. Nicotinamide and B27 (group B27), nicotinamide and LY294002 (group LY) were used to induce the nesting positive cells into mature insulin-producing cells. The morphological change of each stage was observed under microscope , and expressions of insulin, c-peptide, somatostatin and glucagon were identified by immunofluorescence staining. Results After 14 days in stage 5 , there was no significant difference in rate of insulin positive cells between group LY and group B27 (P﹥0.05), but rates of somatostatin and glucagon positive cells in group LY were lower than those in group B27(P﹤0.05). Furthermore, the co-stained rate of somatostatin and insulin in group LY was also lower than that in group B27 (P﹤0.05). Conclusion HESCs can be induced to differentiate into more mature insulin-producing cells by phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 in serum-free culture medium.

Clinical significance of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DPB1 gene polymorphisms in cirrhosis patients / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genetic association between cirrhosis and polymorphisms in the genes encoding major histocompatibility complex, class II (HLA)-DR beta 1 (DRB1) and HLA-DP beta 1 (DPB1).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A population of 168 parent/offspring trios, in which the proband had a diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection with clinical signs of cirrhosis.The HLA-DRB1 and DPB 1 gene polymorphisms of rs24755213 and rs202176660 were detected by PCR and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping.Correlation analysis and haplotype relative risk analysis were carried out.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A/G genotypes were detected in rs24755213 of HLA-DRB1 and C/T genotypes were detected in rs202176660 of DPB1.The rs24755213 allele was associated with cirrhosis (P=0.014), with the G allele identified as a protective factor (Z=-2.33) and the A allele identified as a hazard factor (Z=2.33).The rs202176660 allele was also associated with cirrhosis (P =0.026), with the T allele identified as a protective factor (Z=-2.06) and the C allele identified as a hazard factor (Z=2.06).The haplotypes of G/T and A/C in rs24755213 and rs202176660 respectively were associated with cirrhosis (P =0.037 and 0.002, Z=-2.12 and 2.09 respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In this group of Chinese patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis, polymorphisms in the HLA-DRB 1 and DPB1 genes were associated with cimhosis.</p>

Association study of cirrhosis and IL-12B gene polymorphism* / 重庆医学

Objective To detect the genetic association between cirrhosis and polymorphism of IL-12B gene .Methods Observed in a sample of 173 parent/offspring trios where the proband net for cirrhosis using correlation analysis and haplotype relative risk a-nalysis .The polymorphism of rs15677380 ,rs14050311 of IL-12B gene was detected with PCR methods and SNP typing in all nucle-us families .Results The rs15677380 allele was connected with cirrhosis(P=0 .009) .Allele G was protect factor(Z= -2 .36) and allele A was the hazard factor(Z=2 .36) .The rs14050311 allele was connected with cirrhosis(P=0 .013) .Allele T was protect fac-tor(Z= -2 .24) and allele C was the hazard factor (Z=2 .24) .The haplotypes of G/T and A/C in the rs15677380 ,rs14050311 were associated with cirrhosis (P=0 .021 ,0 .015 ,Z= -1 .85、2 .16) .Conclusion It shows an association between cirrhosis and the poly-morphism of IL-12B gene in Chinese .